![]() Since its discovery, electroporation has been extensively used in various applications, including DNA transfection 6, 7, electrochemotherapy 8, 9, tissue ablation 10, 11, compound extraction 12, microbial inactivation 13 and more. ![]() ![]() This technique involves the application of pulsed electric fields that increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing for the uptake of foreign molecules such as drugs or DNA. In the decades that followed, researchers investigated the effects of electric fields on biological systems, leading to the discovery of electroporation in 1982 by Neumann et al. The application of electricity in humans can be traced back to the 18th century when electric fields were first observed to cause tissue damage 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
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